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et 29.
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Herve Barreau, L’Epistemologie , que sais-je (Paris: Presses universitaires de
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Canguilhem, Etudes d'histoire et de philosophie des sciences , p. : j L ;l (22)
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epistemologie,» dans: Pierre Wagner, dir., Les Philosophes et la science,
contributions Jocelyn Benoist... [et al.], collection folio. Essais; 408 (Paris:
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I960), pp. 70-78, reprise dans: Jean Cavailles, Oeuvres completes de philosophic des
sciences, presentation par Bruno Huisman; suivi de in memoriam par Georges
Canguilhem (Paris: Hermann, 1994), pp. 552 et 560.
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Ideologic et rationalite duns I’histoire des sciences de la vie: Nouvelles etudes
d’histoire et de philosophic des sciences, p. 22.
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histoire des sciences: Textes, 1914-1939 , corpus des oeuvres de philosophie en
langue franyaise, reunis par Gad Freudenthal, (Paris: Fayard, 1987).
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Imre Lakatos, Histoire et methodologie des sciences: Programmes de recherche '. yj
el reconstruction rationnelle = The Methodology of Scientific Research Programs,
bibliotheque d’histoire des sciences, trad, de l’anglais par Catherine Malamoud et
Jean-Fabien Spitz sous la direction de Luce Giard; introd. de Luce Giard (Paris;
Presses universitaires de France, 1994), p. xviii,
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Vincent Descombes, :* ° ySys jL-JU ^ jjl j J_fi ^ c(Alan Montefiore)
Le Memo et l' autre: Quarante-cinq ans de philosophic franyaise (1933-1978),
critique (Paris: Editions de minuit, 1979),
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^js ol_^«Jl oJus j 4 la vie: Nouvelles etudes d'histoire et de philosophie des sciences
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Canguilhem, Ideologic et : jJaJl 4 (Seuil de formalisation) J ;j j ll Lt\ ■ „a II ^_jLt-
rationalite dans I’histoire des sciences de la vie: Nouvelles etudes d'histoire et de
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Vhistoire des sciences de la vie: Nouvelles etudes d’histoire et de philosophie des
sciences, p. 9.
29
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Canguilhem, «Le 9 ons sur la methode,» reproduit dans: Pierre Bourdieu, J.-C.
Passeron [et] J.-C. Chamboredon, Le Metier de sociologue , les textes sociologiques;
1 (Paris: Mouton/ Bordas, [1968]), 4eme ed. 1983.
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Ideologie et rationalite dans I’histoire des iLlSLS *^S ^Ul oj-f v U IJLa j
Etudes d'histoire et de ’LSj a a_3) J^_J.I ^ Ojli L<iit t sciences de la vie
ai jX« J M 01 Oja i a^a. ^jjUJI JUailML. aj Uai*» : philosophie des sciences
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Gaston Bachelard, L'Actualite de I’histoire des sciences (Les : I a 4 ii.
Conferences du palais de la decouverte).
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44
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Alexandre Koyre, ((Perspectives sur : Ja,\ t^-jlA-l > *JL JJ Juj J»-l ,y (9)
I'histoire des sciences, » dans: Alexandre Koyre, Etudes d’hisloire de la pensee
scientifique , bibliotheque dc philosophic contemporaine (Paris: Presses
universitaires de France, 1966),
Henri Guerlac, «Some Sj~-* 5-JL=— l-i_ « ye- J.L.JL-; J..L« : i j
Historical Assumptions of the History of Science,)) in: Scientific Change:
Historical Studies in the Intellectual, Social, and Technical Conditions for Scientific
Discovery and Technical Invention, from Antiquity to the Present: Symposium of the
History of Science, Edited by Alistair Cameron Crombie. [Organized under the
Auspices of the Division of History of Science of the International Union of the
History and Philosophy of Science] (London: Heineman, 1963).
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1918).
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JjO c-l .AtdVl jj-P <jj ^JL-oJl O>0-wVl Jl>-j 0}j . ^ j-JL-oJl ». OLOl
dj 0 ^50 aJO j»AxJl 01 jl— zpA c ^ jOJl
~-^f r (_ji t j*-j J-SJ l -LpJl -U-l j^0>J Oli -j-allaJl ^ Vl ( _ y >tjjlj
O^OOl j ■ /? - — jOs.OftO I UL 0_^-S0 oi /p ^—JL«Jl
jLSCiVl^ ^^_L*Jl ^jjLj ^3 <Lvulj3 Oti k Lc>- ^SOl ^^lOOI
Jean Cavailles, «La Pensee mathematique,» Bulletin de la societe (16)
franfaise de philosophies vol. CL, no. 1 (1946), p. 8.
Michel Serres, «Les Anamneses : j a II yj i> jll U » J j >- (17)
mathematiques,» Archives imernalionales d’histoire des sciences, vol. XX, nos. 78-
79 (1967), pp. 3-38.
«The Phiosophy of Science and History of Science, » in: Marshall (18)
Clagett, ed., Critical Porblems in the History of Science : Proceedings of the
Institute for the History of Science... 195 7, 2 nd ed. (Madison: University of
Wisconson Press, 1962), p. 103.
53
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* p
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as ^ a)} .<u_i> Jj^IiSI <u! ^ JJb-oJl pJLj <_$i j_j.il;
.l^-A~*->- (_J^>-SM £-« 4J*5lp ^ j»-^- Avp IS (j A jL-* LjOjJ I
(Aristarque de Samos)
(1)1 ^yP-li ^ J .^r-a-OJl *-tjS y> ^y>\ jj>\ y Jj L o ^ cLLj yj^
ilp’lS' y>* J! 4 —jc>- jpo jA (1)1 .OpUi A la 1 .<i ^Jl I -La J JJL—
l_jl il*-il (jlj iJjL^S/Ij c_— O j 0 1 _^A AjjL»_-«J|
^-o-> jiJ-* ^~y^i L* (JL>sJIj ♦ ^a.j jL^a^>-Ij
Jui . <20) Ui* ULJl o— «J I4JI ys a* 1 p aajLJ! A*SUiJl oL^la.'Jl
j^Lxj y* j , /a , P 0 j.o P 1 SOj-Lp jjj .,<a wJ I^^Aa _j,2LppaJI wjLL-»J1 0_^^j
i> — A-L—J l 0} . ^J-^Jt^pisJl j P A-P_Jj-JLa J j 0 _^ 1 jl
^A Aj^- <1)1 AjL^pa| AjI ^j^-ckJl j_£Laa Oil J-A I
^-^aLa-o jl-O-pl t-S^I 1*^* djyj «j^“l jllai 4 j>*-aO-J ^jUlJl OjDal
Alexandre Koyre, From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe, (19)
Publications of the Institute of the History of Medicine, the Johns Hopkins
University. Third Series, The Hideyo Noguchi Lectures; v. 7 (Baltimore, MD;
London: Johns Hopkins University Press, [1957]),
Alexandre Koyre, Du monde clos a lunivers : jl jO-*-' L* — ; jOJl JJ y>- _fij
infini, traduit de l’anglais par Raissa Tarr (Paris: Presses universitaires de France,
1962).
Koyre, La Revolution astronomique: Copernie, Kepler, Borelli, : L '>\ (20)
p. 42.
54
i JlxiiVl LjJjJj j\ <t~LalJ ol5 j*~j oLUai-j
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[22] ^ ^ o j^LdJ 4 ^ol JJsJl
iJL^l jl aJIj t <uSLo L^-w»J I ^oUjJI <J L*^*!-**^ j c A.k,i? J./3.C-
*S yx J ^y^\j jji (jL^aVl Os^wJl ^3 k2i-w»
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U $ g v» j-> (Maupertuis) yj y yy j\ (Reaumur) jy yj Ojyy
Lg_>- j_la aJ L ~< jl d)i I d)l d)^.5 <Ju_jLo-3 j -^a-4
4 a3 ^ ^ 4 Aj A^/3 U>- 4JLww« 0*->lS" <Jjul>»
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a^ 3 j-o-j jJl ^J-p*- ! L^J w^j «w*j (JLxP>\3j i y> j >,ci « 1J LJLaj
y° a^j IjI 4_>-l^^a_j 0 -.Jlj 4^LJL^l^«VI
i 4^>- ^j_»L<k_>^ 4 o^>«_Ji j
Michel Foucault, Les Mots et les : ^aj\ jL>* 1\ «JLfJ jJL> J^*-l y (21)
choses : Line Archeologie des sciences humaines , bibliotheque des sciences humaines
(Paris: Gallimard, [1966]), pp. 158-176.
Jacques Piquemal, Aspects de la pensee de Mendel (Paris: Palais : j la '»! (22)
de la decouverte, 1965).
55
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, 1 — jla^Jl 1 JLa 269 _ 268 t(Biot) y-S 1—0 ^]0I (23)
Koyre, La Revolution astronomique: Copernic. Kepler, Borelli, p. 79. (24)
56
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Belgique) (Bruxelles, [1965]), pp. 146-154.
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Les Archives ; ,_j 0 JjV ^ •,_rr!_)W tj_,jU j^U 1 50 tJUia)ll J^*ll
internationales d’histoire des sciences, vol. XVII, nos. 68-69 (juillet-decembre
1964).
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Antiales de I’universite de Paris , vol. xxvii, no. 3 (juillet- : ^.i_k_:.i-* (»)
septembre 1957),
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Alexandre Koyre, Melanges Alexandre Koyre: Publies a : ,.i’ n:i . («)
V occasion de son soixante-dixieme anniversaire, histoire de la pensee; 12-13, 2 vols.
(Paris: Hermann, [1964]), vol. 2: L'Aventure de iesprit.
yjji_ JS C ■ «f'j\ yj i\S i 4**l jjJI oJLa * " ■ -~A (jl Jd-a
Madelaine David, «La Notion : J_ib ^vJsU Jjl U H«U iJUL \e-ye y ((de Brosses)
de fetichisme chez A. Comte et l’oeuvre du president de Brosses «du culte des
dieux fetiches»,» Revue d’histoire des religions , no. d’avril-juin (1967).
Auguste Comte, Cours de philosophie positive (Paris: : Jl Sjl dl i Cours
Schleicher freres, 1907-1908),
Auguste Comte, Systeme de politique positive , 4e ed., : Jl S_,l J.I iSystemej
4 tomes (Paris: [Cres], 1912).
135
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Comte: Couri de philosophie positive , V, pp. 19-20 et p. 66, note 1, et (1)
Systeme de politique positive, II, p. 84, et III, p. 82.
Comte, Systeme de politique positive, II, p. 84. (2)
.83 - 82 ^y> l IIIj 1 81 ^y> ill i a~Jo jJ../j,i (3)
.84 i IIIj t88j t85 ^jx> tTT t <— is (4)
Comte, Cours de philosophie positive, V, p. 19. (5)
Comte, Systeme de politique positive, III, p. 6. (6)
.13 . 12j 9 ^y> ill i«_i jJl^II (7)
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Comte: Cflwrs Je- philosophic positive, V, p. 38, et 5 >‘ 5 ?ewe de politique (14)
positive , III, p. 123.
Comte, Systeme de politique positive. III, p. 94. (15)
Comte, Corns de philosophic positive , V, pp. 38-39. (16)
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U Ju*-I "if ^1 IJL* y^jC ^yJl o>Uj 15\JI ^ ^ys» : de la nature humaine =
*-!!_ jj .jL«jj/l 0 j~S *u*.l jZ*j SbU^ *e« dajl j-jli
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David Hume, Traite de la nature humaine: Es.sai : Jhi > I t «i>-Ll-l j ^kJi}] ^ iliL^JI
pour introduire la methude experimental dans les sujets moraux = A Treatise of
Human Nature, trad, par Andre Louis Leroy, 2 vols. (Paris: Aubier, 1946), vol. 2,
pp. 601-602.
Comte, Cours de philosophic positive , I, P- 5 et IV, p. 351. (21)
.362 ^ cIV (22)
.353 ^ .IV jJ_a1I (23)
.39 . 38 ^ . V . jjuall (24)
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jJjJ i — - aO 0»-_a 5 j^j ^<>'■■■^'1 ’34 iV i 4^0 jj-^iil (29)
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Comte, Systeme de politique positive , III, p. 124. (31 )
Comte: Cours de philosophic positive, V, p. 20, et Systeme de politique (32)
positive, I, p. 625, et II, p. 349.
141
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Comte, Cours de philosophic positive , V, pp. 16 sq. (34)
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.62 j 17 4 4— aj jJU^aU (36)
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. a.-j i j ■ ' i (38)
Comte, Systeme de politique positive , III, p. 73. (39)
Avertissement des: Jean Sylvain Bailly, Lettres sur I’origine des (40)
sciences, et sur cede de peoples de I’Asie, adressees d M. de Voltaire par M . Bailly et
precedees de quelques lettres de M. de Voltaire d I’auteur, (Londres: Chez M.
Elmesley, 1777).
Jean Sylvain Bailly, Histoire de I’astronomie ancienne depuis son origine (41)
jusqu’a I’etablissement de I’ecote d’Alexandrie (Paris: Chez les freres Debure, 1775),
1. I, § 12, p. 18.
Bailly, Lettres sur I’origine des sciences, et sur celle de peuples de I’Asie, (42)
adressees a M. de Voltaire par M. Bailly et precedees de quelques lettres de M. de
Voltaire a I’auteur , p. 204.
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Comte, Cours de philosophic positive , V, p. 37. (44)
jSSj \j fttjJii jl 4 j\ 01 ^U~ ...,> j/ jJj ^
Precis ^\sS Cours de philosophic positive ,y> 25 ,JJ 19 . ^jjjJI Js jJJjS'
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Georges-Louis Leclere Buffon, Oeuvres philosophiques de Buffon, texte (45)
etabli et presente par Jean Piveteau; avec la collab. de Maurice Frechct et Charles
Bruneau, Corpus general dcs philosophies frangais, auteurs modernes; 41.1 (Paris:
Presses universitaires de France, 1954), pp. 188-189.
144
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, (48) «^Ui ^ JL^I
Comte, Ibid., IV. p. 41. (46)
.390 ^y> tV i. jj^ill (47)
Bernard Le Bouyer de Fontenelle, Oeuvres de Fomenelle , 8 vols., (48)
nouvelle edition, augmentee de plusieurs pieces relatives a l’auteur, mise pour la
premiere fois par ordre des matieres et plus corrccte que toutes les precedentes
(Paris: J. - F. Bastien, 1790-1792), vol. V, pp. 353-354.
145
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Australians et des Papous, travaux de l’annee sociologique, pub. sous la direction
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perfectibilite des animaux, avec quelques lettres sur Vhomme, [avis de l'editeur signe:
Roux-FaziHac], nouvelle edition a laquelle on a joint des lettres posthumes sur
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la lumiere des religions de I’lnde, lemons faites a Westminster Abbey par F. Max
Muller; traduites de l'anglais par J. Darmesteter (Paris: Reinwald, 1879).
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Comte, Cowr5 rfe philosophic positive , V, p. 60; VI p. 44. : UajI Ja^\ (88)
«Histoire et embryologie: Le Progres en tant que developpement : J JaJ! (89)
selon Auguste Comte, » dans: Georges Canguilhem [et al.], Du Developpement d
revolution au XIXe siecle (Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1962).
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Comte, C^urs de philosophie positive , V v p. 53.
(90)
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Adapted from the German by Edith Jessie (London: Oxford University Press,
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Charles Darwin, La Descendance de Vhomme et la selection sexuelle, (20)
trad, par Edmond Barbier, d'apres la 2 e cd. anglaise rev. et augment, par I’auteur;
pref. par Carl Vogt, 3 e ed. fran 9 aise (Paris: C. Reinwald, [1891]), p. 62.
Darwin, ed.. La Vie el la : 0 Sjl — ; — » !1 -S) (21)
correspondance de Charles Darwin , vol. I, p. 161.
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Charles Darwin, La Descendance de Vhomme et la selection sexuelle , (2)
trad, par Edmond Barbier, d’apres la 2 e ed. anglaise rev. et augment, par 1’auteur;
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traduit de l'anglais par Samuel Pozzi et Rene Benoit, 2e ed. (Pans: Reinwald,
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Bernard, Principes de medecine experimentale. p. 171. (9)
Bernard, Introduction a I’etude de la methode experimentale, p. 401. (10)
Bernard, Principes de medecine experimentale, p. 139. (11)
.165 ^y> t *u-i (12)
Toussaint Guindant, La Nature opprimee : j_* J-.LSJ1 jl^JI (13)
par la medecine moderne, ou la necessite de recourir a la methode ancienne et
hippocratique dans le traitement des maladies (Paris: Debure l’alne, 1768).
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soins de M. le Dr Hollard et revu par l'auteur, 3 vols. (Paris: G. Bailliere, 1833),
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Bernard, Principes de medecine experimental , p. 180.
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Louis Peisse, La Medecine el tes medecins: Philosophie, doctrines, (26)
institutions, critiques, tnceurs et biographies medicates, 1 vols. (Paris: J. B. Bailliere;
London: H. Bailliere, 1857), vol. II, p. 401.
Jean Bouillaud, Essai sur la philosophie medicate et sur les generalites (27)
de la clinique medicate , precede d’un resume philosophique des principaux progres
de la medecine (Paris: J. Rouvier et E. Le Bouvier, 1836), p. 175.
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Bernard, Principes de medecine experimental, p. 442.
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Vrin, 1927), p. 61.
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Wilhelm Leibniz, 1 vols., Herausgegben von C, I, Gerhardt, Faks. Ausg.
(Hildesheim; New York: G. Olms, 1978), vol. IV, p. 329.
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chronologie et preface par Francis Dagognet (Paris: Garnier-Flammarion,
[1966]), introduction, p. 26.
Epistemologie: Congres international de philosophie des sciences, Paris, (5)
1949, actuaries scientifiques et industrielles. Philosophie; 15 (Paris: Hermann,
1951), p. 32.
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Gaston Bachelard, La Philosophie du nom: Essai d une philosophie du (7)
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/a marche de la physiologie generate en France, recueil de rapports sur les progres
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Gaston Bachelard, La Philosophic du non: Essai d'une philosophic du (2)
nouvel esprit scientifique , bibliotheque de philosophic contemporaine (Paris:
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Gaston Bachelard, Le Nouvel esprit scientifique (Paris: F. Alcan, 1934), (3)
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Bachelard, La Philosophic du non: Essai d'une philosophic du nouvel (11)
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Bachelard, L'Activite ralionaliste de la physique contemporaine, p. 84. (22)
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Bachelard, L’Activite rationaliste de la physique contemporaine, p. 47, (24)
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Gaston Bachelard, Le Materialisme rationnel, bibliotheque de (29)
philosophie contemporaine. Logique el philosophie des sciences (Paris: Presses
universitaires de France, 1953), p. 31.
Bachelard, Le Nouvel esprit scientifique, pp. 143 in fine et p. 144. (30)
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Bachelard, Le Materialisme rationnel , pp. 13-16. Jlii5 JO, I j
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Revue Internationale de philosophie, no. 66, fasc. 4 (1963). : i y> 4 jU-5. (a)
Gaston Bachelard, La Philosophie du non: Essai d une philosophie du (1)
nouvel esprit scientifique, bibliotheque de philosophie contemporaine (Paris:
Presses universitaires de France, 1940), p. 135.
. 138j 1 137 4 133 4 7 i *... 7 j. i.^l l (2)
Gaston Bachelard: La Formation de l’esprit scientifique: Contribution a (3)
une psychanalyse de la connaissance objective , p. 1 0, et La Philosophie du non: Essai
d'une philosophie du nouvel esprit scientifique, p. 139.
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Bachelard, Le Nouvel esprit scientifique , p. 1 75. (4 1 )
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Bachelard, Le Rationalisme applique , p. 47.
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rationaliste de la physique contemporaine , p. 3.
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Bachelard, l.e Rationalisme applique, p. 60. (54)
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«Gaston Bachelard et les philosophes,» Sciences , no. 24 (mars-avril 1963).
Bachelard, L’Activite rationaliste de la physique contemporaine, p. 16. (56)
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sans vertebres , vol. I, introduction, p. 77.
Louis Roule, Lamarck et l' interpretation de la nature (Paris: (8)
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Francois Leroy. Histoire de la notion de sexe che: les pi antes, conference au palais
de la decouverte, le 5 decembre 1959 (Paris: Editions de la decouverte, 1960),
Julius von Sachs, Histoire de la botanique, du XVIe siecle a 1860, : L«. ■ \> dUJuS j
trad. fran 5 aise par Henry de Varigny (Paris: C. Reinwald, 1892).
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livre III, chap. 6, § 14.
Georges- Louis Leclerc BufTon, Histoire des animaux , chap. 2: (12)
• ial p All jJI
Auguste Comte, Cours de philosophie positive, 5 vols. (Paris: Schleicher (13)
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Denis Diderot, Elements de physiologie, societe des textes fran^ais (15)
modernes, ed. critique avec une introd. et notes par Jean Mayer (Paris: Librairie
M. Didier, 1964).
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Giorgio Baglivi, Canones de medicina solidorum ad rectum statices (16)
usum, canon X, in: Opera omnia (Venise, 1754), p 241.
Charles Daremberg, Histoire des sciences medicates, p. 783. (17)
Giorgio Baglivi, Praxis medica (1696), p. 9. (18)
I jJ ^JU_i • J — 1 ^L$Jl Jhail 1 * h ll ^ ‘uSwIS'LJ.I o*>CL«cl!Ij ^iLkJI J y>~
Luigi Belloni, «Schemi e Modelli della macchina vivente nel seicento,» Physis, vol.
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329
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t Demonstratio de mixti et vivi corporis vera diver sitate ^ i j
C Aoly^p ^ j g & * yA L^j W ( 1707)
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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Die philosophichen : jJk . Jl 4 ^L1L» J) J-Jl j y
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Owsei Temkin, «The Classical Roots of Glisson’s Doctrine of : _ r -h,..il (20)
Irritation,*) Bulletin of the History of Medicine, vol. XXXVIII, no. 4 (1964).
Arturo Castiglioni, Histoire de la medecine, bibliotheque medicale, (21)
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Bernard, Ibid. : jj> 225 ^ j j^\ (11)
Claude Bernard, Introduction d I'etude de la : jLUl ^ <L)I i_.L^ (12)
medecine experimenlale (Paris: J, - B. Bailliere; London: H. Bailliere, 1865).
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Claude Bernard, Pensees: Notes detachees, introduction et notes par (13)
Leon Delboume (Limoges: Impr. Guillemot et de Lamothe; Paris: J. - B, Bailliere,
1937), p. 36.
[246]
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signification et la valeur des syslemes de psychologie en general, el de celui de Gall
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4 A»^ ^j-a ^-^1 l^a_P 4 _y> Lg-i-v^^ <L3i
Albrecht von Haller, Primae linea physiologiae (Gotti ngae: Apud. A. (2)
Vandenhoeck, 1747), § CCCXII.
402
l_-o>-jJu i j\ j*o ^jLa Aj ^ isjiJl Aj L*^? ^Jl V ^^> J ol /j-* ^ 1 V|
* F t
^.Lp ^La j ~ ' &—*~ ' wl-LJj l— )l2f a-*-*-j3-j ^a 0L5" oL-j S-ijJl
c De Glandularum secernentium structura penitiori (1830) : 4j>«— iS/l
La Physiologie als y_ y>L> ( _ 5 JLp <l!jLp Jl ij _ ^-taj <ell/> <, <C ! j
ij y LJl oi— aJl oli jJjJl j — j - (1832) Erfahrungswissenschaft
oJl* -b>- -ii <ulj t ijjjijd! •upj'yi jJip ^k> — J c~i!5
o-Lap! , <.( Hundbuch ) <_. ~>Jl < 'US’ ^ a^jLu p-LaJI
^ f j-*-' <JjIj~JI ( _ # J-c- i _ ? JU^'5LJl La ^ l
4^>— JLoJl P-LiJl £j-J| iJlA ^ J0>- Jj 4 I ^J-l 4 <0lj . «4-*L*Jl OjJ-Ul
iJ L5JI tj jj L» jJuJIj i JL>»JaJlj i ij yj> .aJI o-LiJlj t (Le placenta)
y> JS\ jA j]jja i)\ k_<twaj j .LgJU <JjjJl o-l*Jlj i(Aj^iiSLll)
4 — ujJLa ^ji j j£jlS\ IJla 0 } .i — — — \pj 2 4 jJ i
J\ «_Lil jj (Natur philosophic) i : » ;; LU oL— LDl
01 OLS' U ^ULj <. Jl 4jLs<a Cy> ^LSl 4 l ^aJ^JI
g-J J5 ol aJlj LSJ l 5 ^OJl 1775 JL. f Jii oi (1776 - 1722) jpj^ jp
4 Jl ji'AJ <W> j^ajO-<Jl oU-Ul^M L>t-0 , lj L*a> j»jjl ^ kOwJa 01 ^la -— j
jlj— k^ OL?- _ OLJj-?- 01 / ^jv—^Jl J-«IU i_j-Lt- SjjjJl L^pjjJj
iajjs |.jJU Jjs» : 1801 4(1814. 1770) IjJUjJ
[276] o-L^g— SJI 4 Q-^-a jj «?U J— ,_yJl 4— PjVl ^ 5Jl?-lj
IJa oLoj c jOJI ^^Jl o»13^Lp -A?«j 01 ^ 1^5" *c-j! ^-a>Jl
Memoires de Mathematiques et de : i iijOl e-lill y jdJj J- _^>w (3)
physique de Vacademie des sciences, I (1750).
Theophile de Bordeu, Recherches sur les maladies chroniques, VI, (4)
Analyse medicinale du sang.
403
ji <. «L> ^Jl <JL>*Jl ^3 p| ^ i — ^ L.<J 1 i3 j j-*Jl j 4 jl jj Vl
c ^_a L$-»^ . «oUi i^_<iJj^c^oJ (, <iw^ ^_-<*Jl
(Gay iiL^ jJ ^Lpj 4 (Sir H. Davy) ^b * ^-s_~Jl JL*-^I JL_s1j
Ji-Lo o ^Jl oVjL>^Jl j 1 1814 _ 1813 2 j_Jl ^^JLp 4 Lussac)
4_O^J ol j- ■J1-'>zS-~saJ3 JUo J ol>J! jj -0 -4j-L*J| ^ pjj y _ J ^J wJ _j-Sl JJJi
1834 ajl~* . a*»j> t . - a ? . " .. >J I 4-^jjJl 5»LiJl
iJjjJl 5_LiJl JL^lJ Lg_j (Bieldi) ^jJLj i jd\ iuJl
t ^jUI ^ ^ -5 ** ~~^ >T i a c j j../a > % LwO *)1 1 .,r? tT . ^|
. (Raynard) jjL. j y> j^^ko
Jl I jbjj <• t Ajj^-aJI i ;l£Jl 0 ji 1 jJij t jl .,r?:^-Lj
j-fr k j-L*- J jl ^JaJL™_i . j .<g idiJi ^^o-LxJl olxJl «JL>Jl
j' ^ ^>jU ^ JiS/l (_jit t yiiUkJl v _ 5 i~*Jl 4_*_jl_i? jLwij (Jl
bLj» . 4 \s ..j j
. ((^aI?Lw«j ^j«SJ 1834 ^5 7~ J+&J ^jl C 4_*9 jJl1| dJl*JI
jLS" Jlj-^I O y.* & JLA ^j-N^^I jJb (jl^_**jl I
jl /^5Gkj N j*-Lp <j>l jl 1 1851 ^9 jj li^->j-S* jl
^JJL* ^j-^ 5 !_>■ jj I jlj <. 4_>t_i j I j lju>- Lo-^-3 ^
® ! O-J j-S* .^L*Jl ^iLjjbj! jj^j ^ jJuJl
jJjLw^A bLoJ 4^»j2jJ jl ^L l a^al J^SjUjl Jj>“l
^L«kJL>-'yi ^J Lp ob i Ua -^o lJ I j ^Jl Ij-A I^JLi L^-^-*x 3 . jr°^ l-Lil
I ^Jl 0 j-ws*w<>jL> Ja-o 'bf t 4 J_p 4_jb>“^/l
(5),
nAj>- J ^pL^JL>-'yi j j Ja ^U
^Li^lbl jl .(JjUaJl ^»Lo-) UaLa bvwJ jj\yj\ jl JL^^I
Auguste Comte, Systeme de politique positive , 4 tomes, 4 etne ed. (Paris: (5)
Cres, 1912), introduction fondamentale, chap. II, t. I, p. 475.
404
^j-Jl jS JlLo aJ J u 0 _yL« aJjjJJI oJLjJl ^fijlisj
.aIS" yA * JJ <L^-L*Jl AiLfilJl ^ 0 1 >/?:,) I JslJjl iio^j All ,^i>- c
I La Jj>-^ Otjbo^ c^pL^>- ^Lj.
I.-La ^5 \^>- j} jj ^Jl}\ OolS* jJs 3 .^_Lp **>Li Q« la...) j' ^iJl .^A t, Ajjjjj
l$J j>*-> a!N^ A^j>- ( j^° ^yLwJaJl ^?1 y°*)l\ ^Jl*J (JL^-Jl
AJJilJl j\ AjjJslJI ^y^ -J a jJ l ^..La.ll A^ ^>«jJl
[277] ^j-JlJLwv^ ^L*-j>s_j ^-A L^_ >ta 4_*_il ^Jl L)l Nl . — la_J i ^jL>-
^.XjL s^-w-LjJi ^|j-sc?l j~La!I 1 Jua ^Jlp jlio ^sIa1jc^«
j Jt+S' a*-~w»> . Aj Lid L /^Ssj ^jL^jJIj o t a>*jjIj^
sL>j! f>jit- ^ .^^1 if?- J- 0 ^ o~- ‘^r i>° ^
O LjJ&J 1 ^UsLi ^3 ®A^L*3® OJ yAJ A^vLa*-^J| <0 LLul ^Jl £-j*<*J>e_a J wUj
,Jj>- k — _ A-w q J g A o ll LjlJL) I J)
A^-^^JJ LflJL>- <• cLLLaJI |*-Lp y A * ^%J Lp ^a AjjLa^JL) Ixi-i^LLa
. ^JjiiJl ^ Oj^S
-Xj^j ^Ip j-A a^o-Lp aJL~w^ jb-> ^LaSI ol
Lo-jl-S j-A ( Xaj ^>a 1 — ^ j^SLa aIN (, pJL*Ji jLj ( 1 )| -O-La ^ Jjjjj I A>-j)jJ
P_ajL>cjI ijl>- ^3 l *-L»_L*Jl (jl N 1 . ^.xJL ^jjLj ^s^gJL>j
*j_^iJl lJuA .A^>L>Ji ^-g_SL>_pl ^ J-J? ^ Ajj^>iJj N t Ajii ^-LuJl
-- >
j* s<aL>Jl j^-a ^ 5 ^ el^o! ^3 ^i\ jJI ^3 j-JL ^^LLli- ^Ju jj;JJ!
^j-o iw-sjLcJl d)l ^ULj .^^ 5 n^w> a j-n 3 aJ\ ^ ,^-s^LoJl ^1
‘jJ >* W ‘J-- 9 '
C-» Lv > ^1 1 t A>j'o oj AJ -L^S"o (> J-^- J < 1 -JLp j-A J^j>- u~*
y* Aj^Ip aJL^j Ajyj>ej ( 1)1 L>J AA ^^<»_1 i
N All f'Ju u $-*» v ^ Ol u AJw^< wL*_j t A-^3 j jJl OwLkil
lj)l A^>J»*Jl ^Ali<Jl (jl t AA^vwoJl AjL^L*~>-N L*^a "^T
405
- ^3 'b/ ji « AJjIs Aj j^*/? <LpL-^5 4P L/2 „o ^SL> p«J
t L^JIj d^L5U-«-«Jl oO-& Ol c I <lr^
L*»o^ . Ju^->«jlJL> LaLlp ^a LjLLJL; 4»> J LP t OJJ «/?
La a1j^Ii» ^1a*J1 ^.^1 ^-*^1 Cf* ( I j~-*'^ tj L)1 ^ vi-U jJ
^JIp ^^Ip t L* ^JisJLjj c kiU J lS L*-J J iaJusA > olj c ^JJLJ! ^p j-*i*-L»
4~>OjLj 4-Jl J-I-* Ja_L>tJ (J I ^Jh C La cJLij^l ^J_?“l J-^ (3^>0
f. * *
Ol f jl*Jl ^jjU ^1 *L»jI^ ^L^m» Oo^i p Lj ®^^lo 4^b-3
»Oj1 jI 3 ( Jb*>- <UP jJl oJl& Jl* ,j*aj C I JlA J^.i^all jbjj JiL* L-jjJO
C pLLi Ljv^a L>ojL“ O} . * «■) l ^ >,<Q jkj 1 ^ «3^Lp ^3 4jLiJt OLajJl
4_oJL*Jl ^-3 ^-PxJO (JjoJl dLta j-A L ^jUl 1 JL* (jLS" l
.oLa^Jl ■<»■•« *> LfljlS' J t <
j-$-3 t<L)L%w*JJ ^jjUI ^jP .,X.^a,3 ^jp Lj>^jIj oi
(Celse) jJL* ^\ N j c A-JjjJl oOJJl ^uL^jj ^ l>- ^1 .ijj*j N
j^-Lp ^-IJnjo ^ ^-*0 ^ oJlaJI ^J_p AjLli^-^L-a^
J-ULuJ ^Lij^ t(Paracelse) {J ~l^,\jL
C^li^LaJl »J^L1 Aj I 4j 1 . A^>g.>/3.Z^>Ji <U3 j jjl oO^Jl j* oHfl^w* 1
ojLiJUj tA-JjjJl oJjJl ^j^JL ‘LlL*^!! <^iuoJl
^^LaJUj (. oLaJI L^_iL-waL>j (wJ'yi ^_s [278]
<z*> j^lg c^U^LiJ! o-La 1 4-^.3jjJl cjLjLs^>^U ^pLo->*J1j
i— JVI ciLp" ^ aJL >-j 1 j-JLp ^alill O *LW J C->ljJv»Jl (^7^*-*^
^ c^w ^ (1799 - 1740) — I
Horace-Benedict de Saussure, Voyages dans les Alpes, precedes d'un (6)
essai sur I’histoire naturelle des environs de Geneve, 4 vols. (Geneve; Neuchatel:
Louis Faucher Borel, 1786-1796), vol. II.
406
(Ramond de Charbonniere) jj j _^l ^a-j^JI JL»-
(1789) Sui Gozzie e Sulla Stupidita del Cretini ‘(1827 _ 1755)
^ iJL-j ‘(1816 . 1744) (M. V. Malacarne) jjlS'VL. J
^ yi .1 . s i J (1799) LC .;.ft.Ul c jJLxdlj oJLjaJI ^ *»*
j_p ^‘Vl I Jus Jt : ji J_J aJI VI .(1835 _ 1764)
^9 A^JjjJI ejjjj <ui aJ L oJl J^itJ 1^ U A ^^Jl ^-jjL*-»Jl
jl q$J->«-^VJl j^S(-> V £-~<liJl Oj-iJl y* 1 _^JjVl ^L>Vl
. <UoJ>fcA-d I ^JLp ^*P ^JJ JJl ya
jl t(Sir H. D. Rolleston) j J jj .J * j-z ^ I v-~>w
^^kpl j^Sj Ji (1673 _ 1614) (Thomas Warthon) j^jU
a_u^, ^ t Adenographia sive Descriptio Glandularum : a-JulS ^
SJjJl c-llS" t yJl oJJJJ (Thyroi'de) «A_JijjJl» 1656
jyjjli jl jl <dl VI .(Glandula laryngea) AjyyuJI
1$j v„ l . /2 j jl JjVl aJ S- jlS^ 4 _ s jJ 1 A j ...all jl aJLp j*J
j j~J> «JI ^Lp aJVjAJ J.<uu«j jl5 ®AUjjJ|l) h - j jV i o Jj«j!
t (Ambroise Pare) ajjL jl j^~-°l JjJLj .5 _yw>J! <3 ji ^UVl
jl jJ-jj . (Scutiforme) JSJjJl ^ jJj aJ_p <4jJ
IJLs . (9upeoei5r|q) k^IjjjjJ# SjL-p j-SJul jr" j-*
i (Littre) aj yuU a«^«.. > jjjJl aaJUI V <_jjm*Vl
Louis-Franfois-Elisabeth Ramond de Carbonnieres, Observations faites (7)
a!am f les Pyrenees, pour servir de suite a des observations sur les Alpes, inserees dans
une traduction des lettres de W. Coxe, sur la Suisse (Paris: Belin, 1789).
. „ ,}) . j .1 . .. i' 1 jl _ I * j3 _ Ja jj s . Jl
Georges Cuvier, Recueil des eloges historiques lus dans les seances publiques de
I'institut de France , 3 vols., nouv. cd. (Paris: Firmin Didot freres, 1861), vol. 3, pp.
53 sq.
407
Jj i«Thyroide» SjLp (Robin) jUjjj 4j ^ iJU 4 : « ^JUJI
iiJJl ^ Ua>- j j t«Thyreo'ide» SjLp
(v_jLJ| JiCJLj) «0opoei5r|c;» ^JJl ^-^UJ LJ j\ L L>-
^JJJJ U_J j X L y J zi\ j\ isjNl «0upeo£i5r]c;»
• (Goitre) 4_>oixL^Jl 4^3jAil ^JLd! 4_>
jl ^ JJLi ^ ♦ (Thyreoi'de) ^ ^Ul
y>i^) 1SL*J t LL*3 I^Lv3 wU^U JI^C-jwI ^5
<jl -LJi'lih ? <bj)i,v^? ll KS' y
i^Lc^L t — > J ./3LI La J_LP <U3jjJ| s^AjU? jJl jJlSI ^_L*j <• l^lrO->c->
<1)15 Ujj^p ^JjLlwc 01 jju* d)l Nj * i^_f**-*
L«— 1 jj-v-* g- Ua o-! ] 905 i2_~> y J-A Jjl
4 JL 9 y L«^j*>Laj jl>-Ij SjLijL~v) -L*_i dJJi jL Sj .4_s [279]
N 4ijjw c~~J 4 <8> (W. Vesey) .^i ye j ^ 4 JJJI
.L^-jJjj^-ijJl £T-;jd l$-j ^L;
4_*Jp1JLo ^Jl ~LjI_p 7^-1 l a • /? a j-A 4 (Goitre) j->1 j_p 7 G l a *. <3 4 oj
) (Gouetron) J_£_d 4 (Savoie) ljJL»
«y
-LjJI
JbUl
.(Guttur) jjajJ- 2JjuL-<Jl (Gutturionem) a j3-
4 (Gouetre) y^y* UCa-I aid L~jG 4 <ujL» j,\jj~a\
jLd ‘U r l)l JaJjJl ,Jt*Jl) (Gongrone) jj yj yu JJJJiS' kJ> yu
J j\ yt (Realdo Colombo) yj> jJ j5 jjJLj ol jli . <9> ( ^>xJl
4,J^»JI La ^j£- i-ijjJl aJ^Jl Ai>20»d!
Humphry Davy Rolleston, The Endocrine Organs in Health and in : k> ~. l (8)
Disease, with an Historical Review (London: Oxford University Press, 1936), p. 2.
Eduard Brissaud, Histoire des expressions populaires relatives d : la jl (9)
Tanatomie, a la physiologie et a la medecine (Paris: Masson, 1892), p. 192.
408
* e
L*_o L Oji 4_jjU 4_j j j] (JL>«_^ *>G
^ja A>JU oUjy) «Ecrouelles»j t«Gouetre» oUJJa^aa 4jJuUU
oJj*JI ^ jjj JaJLsdl o| yjs yi
_hS3 jSj . jJ^s- jaHSI 0 j-i)' ^L>- UaJb>- JJs
Geschichte der Chirurgie : oL5 ^j, (Fredrich Helfreich) J-A yiJU
woS (1847 _ 1765) (Karl Georg Kortum) ttj yr cJjlS o'
ia-a-^l ^JJl _j_a (1790) «De Vitio Scrofuloso» aJl—j
((^ jjj j£La» J (Struma) «L> jcJL ijj ~a ■
jvjOiJI „ aJI ^s- U! .(Goitre) AJjjJl f*jjj l _ J i p AJ^JiiJ (Scrofula)
i_b 4Jli UijjjjJl oL^ all LgjJl) (Bronchocele) «
jJddl ^jlfdl) (Scrofules) « Ji j <c^ ^UJl
(1802 _ 1731) (Erasme Darwin) j*— ojj IJla .(ijjUdl
(1794) ( Zoonomia ) \~A_yjj :^lx5 ja ^UJl *jj>Jl t£ y^H l 5 4-5'
J_v2-Aj t A_-_j j_L! L*_— 2 ^^1 j-O U i <3 -<a .*
. 1^5 4_-<l— ^jA (j ^ 1
liL»J jl o L ;*E_ y y ....*■> . 4 — L. .2.1.1 Li j_^JjJI 1 -L& (jj
L~j ji 2i j\a Oj jV« jOOf’ o jaJI
O^T* * l >~' ^-^-i *4' y_S-^ '^"^'^1 j'
4 jJ J* 3 ) 4 OxAC y oJl <UijOj|
J*A LaUJyP 4 ^jyO 4 1 i LoJ^ . ( kdl-L&J 1 jA
Marc Bloch, Les Rois thaumaturges: Etudes sur le caractere : J h ( 10)
surnaturel attribute a la puissance rovale, particulieement en France et en
Angleterre. publications de la faculte des lettres de 1'universite de Strasbourg; fasc.
19 (Strasbourg: Librairie istra, 1924).
409
IjJ oj j...g ; J-JjjlU 1883 ^ (Theodor Kocher)
^SljI c <lj jjJl o-L*JJ ^^>-1 -/jl 4->«JLJl j-pV1
(Cachexia « Uuj^a j y~^ L SLL S'# Cw-CaJl 4JjJi oli
(Les * jj_pyijjJl» jl5 «uli llJjJI Cl l _ r ^- t strumipriva)
j iLi_*Jl j»—i oIju>- jJlS’S/I Reverdin)
(Myxoedeme operatoire) «j ... ^-wC <cjl3 ^^^1 j_pj/l
^JUl Nl ^1 ii jaJL (<L3jJi) 1 o-l*Jl j J~AS ^jA ^jU (j;jJb>- ^ • ja)
.1878 J (William Ord) jjjl ^Uj . ^Sol
i _^laJU! ‘-J_L*ljJ 1 tCLVO (Cretin) «jLj J i'» la 4 1 jl
A-»J.il^Sll j .J^ULaJl i _ J iuvj t(*LJjJlJI oJ_*Jl CL/»I
aj l. i j&j *1835 ^)-3 1 la • Il ^-1 L A yw Jjjail [280]
J^yxs } ' Cli l_jLA^i*yi
^_?-L*_«Jl 1 Ud ol_L~j ^jJl j-*j _ (Chretien)
_ (Napoleon Landais) -oJuV j ^J jU l jl (JjxJj t 4 jj> CLLJl
jl Creta) ® ^~jLiaJ|tt jr-C « jilts’)) 1 g 5 j: ^ ULa^JM
jjk jlii JjoJLj . e-l jJl Ucf; ( _ r j> jA Jl aj>«— k_>_p<Lj. , t(Craie
1 1878 1 A-.iaJl (jL Jl 1873 ^JJl jlfcji'jl
1881 ^3 4jt5 jjjn-LoJl ^3 jl j/1 . 4 . .,.,i,i ^jJl <Ulil
toJj-L>- C^J>o<-o LjLkjw ^ 5CJt J
jJL>« 2 J Kjllj^S^ J v (JjiAXji'jl I- 1 -®
. (U> (Chretien) «jL^S» ^
Oscar Bloch ^ j jit 0^3 y .1 *o -CL I ^-cil ^LclNI I-Ca 01)
et W. von Wartburg, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue franfaise, pref. D’A.
Meillet, 2eme cd. refondue par W. von Wartburg (Paris: Presses universitaires de
France, 1950).
410
y (Fodere) ^yy OjSJL ^JJI yt Ub*
gjLJl k_a-L>i.'J I i-JjJLJI bJLmJI >■ ,i<a.i ^ i4 — >«j ‘ ajLx5
(Maurienne) jL>j y> y jJ j ^jjl « llSUl |j_* Lj !h^-\ JlLIj .L^
*•
y* y-p- A-JjjJl oJjJl y-r-soJj L)l.^3,.< 4— aJ yt jlS ^JUl J
(Goitreux) 5 jl»«J I j»^»waJ l yJ> y y tS 4 — 4 L>J|
>-Ju 0 j}\ j[ -U-$J ^Jua ji *>CL _4 <. I j^a 'du&j (Cretins)
(Le Medecin de « oj^Jt : -uUS y (Balzac) ill jL <ujcL ^jJl
4 _$_?- y> J^-U_a JJLi *>Li yt t L> 4 1 (1833) campagne )
^y yS\ aJLa 4i!^JL> LJ .L— *j jij >c^l l j
oJlj G V t 1 « ij - oL»^»JL) la— >»J iJUjT C — XS ^tJl ( j*»JuLaJl
4 Lo-J j\ 4— 3 .iljLlj L^j t \ l L>.LpL— . JJ _ iillJSj LLA Jl
<-LJsMl c— JL 5 j— SL3\ S-LSLaJl ( _ s _a \_4 ^ > t y iaj-4
j.L g- *»LJ| O ^jill 4jljLiJ jJLp O jJsJI 4 jL^-j
£•1 ^4» 4aI>- L^jl .4ita4»xjl ^^4 <LjlijJl_J 4^>-^\jijl OsLivS jJI 4-vIjJ
^4 G g > {*-£• b - ^J \ JdU^Jl y ^ jJlj ^ ^ 4 ^ jil 4 JI
jLl jyS*x}\ ^-aL>*j .^^*1—11 -Is j-dJl y\+a ->. 1 4jj^iJl Lc>-^^sJ-jMI
iJ ji— ^IL-j 4 jl Ml t <^L-Jl y 4 _p_)JL (Dr. Benassis)
/ j— £-l»^>-Ml 4>c— aJlj Jb>»^ y ^j| jjl
oUa^J.1 J^\ ^USfl ^ ijtjJL ^iU4j U y (12)
Honore de Balzac, Le Medecin de campagne (Paris: L. Conrad, 1922), 4 jI jJs
Bernard Guyon, La Creation : o _j— i- Ij_>- Li_j y Cil ^l! I C^Li- j
litteraire chez Balzac: La Genese du medecin de campagne (Paris: Colin, 1951),
•t-j ^Lil (_5_Ul (Louis Lambert) L’Etiologie du cretinisme jli ( _ J j_t j
IJL» JL-j « JJ-S/l ^1 »jo i _— 1 bL (_jjl jJI» L— o _jj (jasJj i Medecin de campagne
yt Lli 4_LLcJ.I i jbt*> _ O— ■ i . - .. 1 jjjy. ^ .1 oL^Jau 4— f— JL— 31 5jL,^l ^j- 3 . - .l..:.)l
411
jjk Lo ly>- i (Cretinisme) _ n ~*J ^yy JJojj
c jS^ A-o—LS^ 4 -- ,4? ,->c-> y-Ly_o_j O^Ct-l c oJ-j«L>- 4 , 1a , a . 1
«jLi;^5)> y> IajjJu jJ->y (Cretin) a»- 15 jl» : Ju_j
ja j t^jL^ "% «jlyjy\jl» t^JaJl (Chretien) ^JO [281]
yyli jS* i<JlL l_y i V asj_*j
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Richard Russel. De Tube Glandular i, sive de usu aquae : a_I! j> ; p J -j cA.i : ^
marinae in m or bis glandulantm dissertation (Oxford: [n. pb.], 1750).
Erasmus Darwin, Zoonomia , t. Ill: Maladies, classes 1, 2, 3, 20: (15)
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>_— b»J«JI ^ji I yjjS (^ i.._.:.?l ^Jl oAjJL^I iiW\ Jj- ■•» ~» <JUaj
. Academie royale des sciences (20 decembre 1813)
John Herschel, Discours sur I'etude de la '. y w>ljL»-Sfl Sj~* (12)
philosophic naturelle (Paris: Poulin, 1834), § 43.
414
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• lS y’-l t3Ja?
. j \ jul t (_$Lp de j^u J^>-j ( (jL^pL ^iJl (18)
Francois Arago, Oeuvres completes de Franpois Arago, publiees d’apres son ordre
sous la direction de M. J. - A. Barral, 2eme ed. (Paris: Morgand, 1865), tome III:
Notices biographiques: Gay-Lussac, pp, 41 sq.
Georges Cuvier: «Eloge historique de Sir Humphry Davy,» dans: : j k :t j
Recueil des eloges historiques lus dans les seances publiques de I’institut de France, 3
vols., nouv. ed. (Paris: Firmin-Didot freres, 1861), t. Ill, p. 141.
415
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de l’anglais sur l’edition de 1821 par J. Riffault (Paris: Leblanc, 1822-1824), vol.
Ill, pp. 419-437.
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medicate de Paris (1851), 19, 275.
jSl <i pi* <_!* IajI _jJ 1 ai> ^ulii .IjJjJI «L1I o>JLJ ^ a ^Jl a p * j (26)
Comptes rendus academie J* OjSL Ji j t^5UJl pi * j t oLJl \-r-jiy_yJii\j
des sciences, 30 (1850), pp. 352-354.
Comptes rendus academie des sciences, 31 (1850), p. 280. t a_jl j* O y*u
Comptes rendus academie des i J-a-l-l j i—i ; jJI ; jjJl pj^OJ i. ; i ... , ^ i*j| }
sciences, 36 (1852), p. 652.
419
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(27).
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Isidor Greenwald: «The Early History of Goiter in the Americas, in (27)
New Zeeland and in England, » Bulletin of the History of Medicine, vol. 17, no. 3
(1945), p. 229; «The History of Goiter in Africa, » Bulletin of the History of
Medicine , vol. 23, no. 2 (1949), p. 155, and «The History of Goiter in the
Philippines Island,» Bulletin of the History of Medicine, vol. 26, no. 3 (1952), p. 263.
420
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4 d~><dl f>-Laj f-Lc-t t_£-Ul jJs 4 ( _y>-l s__~laJ 1 i a ^ aJI
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[287] Sj^Lfl 1^2 cJ jJ>iJ ^lll c OLJLi-^Jl
Qsy , !
. i-UwL>tJ L*>- y^yj3j\ ^-<»-)l pJLp <U3j_\Jl
cT* cT'JJ 15 : ^ fj'j cT'J- 5 ^ ‘j^-p-i ->j4-£ dl >-S j r*-’
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iililL o^o ij jSl Jjlad t ( 1 848) -dSJJ Aj^SdJl dJsjJl ^Ip
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g;“>U ^(jJl j\jy\ J L>Jl adA jl JUJlj .U^IjJl
j\y>L* ojij-; p-o y^-i 1 1889 ^1 jjj ^ylf- od_i|
E. Gley, «Expose des donnces experimentales sur les correlations (28)
fonctionnelles chez les animaux,» Annee biologique, t. I (1897), pp. 313-330. et A.
Dastre, «Les Secretions internes. L'Opotherapie,» Revue des deux mondes (ler
mars 1899), pp. 197-212.
421
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a : ^>^ Lll ajjL^J j 4 (von Eiselsberg) JL-wJlyl
4 y »jjl oU Ja^?l { Jj (_£3^J (jly^>tJl JlLP A-3jjJl (J LsA^LmH I (jL>
Lyli (Jl y*-^l oL^a y£Ly Jij .^yJajJl J^LJI oLa jJLJ Jl j
0_9 t I ^^cjl ^ ^ I <^LA-ws^— w»>^/ I 0 j » 0 I »^.«^ 1
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J 4 (Hertoghe) £j y* jjL> Ji j .aJjoJI jUaJy 4 o^NjJI
JJajcJ L^Jljl-U_> 4 L-JJ J (Bourneville) JJyjyj 4 li^y>Jij
(j!-** yJl L^Lil 03 4 4_yjO.ll y* vOA ^ ..L^JO^ w ^ J yA>*j ygjJl
JLa£U«l yO)l c-43j JOo^Jl ^y-y^oJl ^>lyll ^Jp* ^La^JI
Jap*-!)(jj . (Schiff) Jl ©jLij AjI ^^^p £^jjLj y^.</aO Nj
oi i^Li^Jl lo& Jl o^^fTo^Jl aJL a oJI t*iUi y^ y**is^Jl ^ 1 p y o»l 3
c JU al y 4^*i|jjJl ©Jla j)lj 4 <y jOJl ©JjJl <L***lj3 1859
b^O>o» ^yOOyj 4 d)l^jl3 jj yyyyyJl yy-ly>Jl olp 1883
y© U^UajI 015" AjIj jl *> Ujly JLp c£^P ^Oiu ^JJl 0>*»dl jJp
N j . J^~1o!l jl yNi ^y$jL© y-y^jJyjyJl oL^jl Jp (J* J «^3 1889 [288]
4 1855 j 1848 S ^tjjly l ^ 1 S' ©j^S'^.l^JI ^jjI yJl ol
.UiUil ^5 o5 4 b ilx^l 4jU y 3 jiS
^ m*
j j-f LjJli < j_j^p ijljj jjjl <jIjj ojl5 U-^-4
422
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.^AjAP*«Jl 1 ^-jIaj ^JK^j LaI jJL) jlj b&JL^-U ol L.
_ j j-w- _ o>j ^ji5v->l ^3 ^3 ^ \l896 _ 1823) yajjj^a jl!j
* f.
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William Stirling, Some Apostles of : ^liJl i SLj- ^ U (29)
Physiology: Being an Account of Their Lives and Labours, Labours That Have
Contributed to the Advancement of the Heating Art as Well as to the Prevention of
Disease (London: Priv. Print, by Waterlow and Sons, 1902), and H. Friedenwald,
«Notes on Moritz Schiff,» Bulletin of the Institute of the History of Medicine , vol,
V, no. 6, p. 589.
423
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LfJli ^Jili jJl sJl* j-p Ji (Lacauchie) jl la^-Vj
<*iAJ^ . 0 jjLflJl oj_& ^j«p * {^ 5 *** ^j-^j • 1853
. ^ ^i>- ! (J l<*p L ^LjJl ^5
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tSJLkJl 0 A 4 J jyUl ^^jVi .-iLllSI ^ oSM Jl>- Jl [289]
4_ipL^aJI ^ 1 p *LiaJj i^^L-cAL <wAi^^
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c$*
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(31).
ie-L* jjj*Lk]\j £jjM I
Moritz Schiff, Untersuchungen uber die Zukerbildung in der Leber und (30)
den Einfluss des Nervensystems auf die Erzeugung des Diabetes (Wurzburg: Stabel,
1859), pp. 61 sq.
Adolphe-Euclide Lacauchie, Traiti d’hydrotomie, ou des injections (31)
d’eau continues dans les recherches anatomiques (Paris: J.- B. Bailliere, 1853), pp.
119-121.
lilr— 3 t ijl ■&- jS jJl ^ t o\Sj
k_JaJ! *JS ja \j-Aj t(Val de Grace) ^1 ji- ^s Jli ^
424
4jU^j t I Ja^3 1883 ^3
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tjl^jLijj ^j^ jL>-j tjLJij_S^ jj^j^j 1 4_--3jjJl ^j>t >,^ 7 (J l .-^g ^ 1 .>*■ I
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(Henri-Clermont jL^ jJ j ^ ^ ^ l_. . r _k l l
1*1^1 ^jJI L^JLaJl 4il.u.:.^ljj .Lombard)
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^j-Jl ^ IJ-o jJ t^iLii 1880 (Sandstrom)
•X^-jj tdjJi j^p j l _ji- c -j -(^^p .| J 1891 <c_*« ^ Nl L^jjjUi j j! j**\j
t jjJl oAaJI iji . /3 -t. T — Ail ,4_*j l$_J> ^jlL-JO
^j-Lp J ; . A a La-S i JL^aJU^-*’! Lj . 9 ^-Xj ( _ y xJl o'b/LaxJl idJJij
4 jI jk Jl ^y> L«J jjiaj ^k~k jlSj I _ r g-4. (* j- 1 j J-P-LL
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j-iJl _•■ ^ 1 Jl — jL* 1 j-p | *— ’jL>» jJ j 1 ^,^0 saj-L>- 3_l. ... , 4 (32)
Revue medicate de la Suisse romande (1884), pp. 65 sq.
425
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.<_£ *L AP^b A-^xj^JLJI I^A3^Lpj aJl*JI £-y^j l5^1 Lp
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i— A j 1 ^3 aJLs^> L l»w* A**3j3 oJ»P j d)l A_*j^
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4 (A. A. Berthold) jJjjjj .1 .1 b\S 1849 ^Li ,c ; J Jj c~JL5
Archiv fur Anatomie, Physiologie : ^_i aJ 4 (1861 _ 1803)
^JLo c ^ y> ^JLa^j a 1>^> twnrf Wissenschaftliche Medicin
jl l ^J?LJI <wijj->«-lJl ^ j : : : </a >- ^jj
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f. * f.
t Lla .a-Jl^JL>wj L^-jI ^ yjLi <1M ^JLp
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[291] ^^-JLa C J-EbJ c-J ( ^ frlj^uLLJ
Ji ^JLp 2 ^-LJl 0 yin ^ jJbJl 0L5 j . Ja*JI LaJJ>- Fantaisie)
<J C A^o — 3 \S y>x~4 AJL yj i ./9 *. \ \ f^a L-^>w
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ftjj -/a 1 4_g^- ^Jl 4_*3jjJl_j 4_AJi_*Ji-^Jl <L^>-
. ^*.31 ^->*Ji p_JL*_> ^Jl L^->3 t a^>_w*/L>-
l ^ l ^Jl 4— >-l j r >xjl 4— LflJtJl jS <Xj tLljlj Lo_S” L yb o LS"
cJ j— ji jl5 j .i^w»^-<Jl iijiJl JLdii—*)/ (Desault) cJ j— ji
v >1 ,,r3 <> ll yfi o"% ^Jlll ^ ISvJ i (J1 .SI*". . Lj 1 “ti
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(_5^l JL3 £M*Jl! jJL^LaJl J-JLa.ll 0LS^_) .aJli J-JLaJl l ^ ^
Thomas R. Forbes, «A, A, Berthold and : *->j jJ .j jJ <Jti« jMu\ (34)
the First Endocrine Experiment: Some Speculation as to its Origin,» Bulletin of the
History of Medicine, vol. 23, no. 3 (1949), pp. 263-267.
427
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^y j .250 ^»3j I <^oa-p y y**j 1889 ^y uLS” j^^S” _y^
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j-3j c (j j j-jj y° uL-S" 1846 ^yj-j *4_*->-l ojjJlJI oJLa
‘C^- jLwkJl ^y ^J^LSvJl ^-yjLli ^Liol ai <. (Wells) l ^ g ^ -, -*»
^LlL*jaJI yj ai (Lister) y**J jl5 1867 yj .yy I
<J ^y j (Pean) uL_, jl£ 1875 y j t (Antisepsie) ^ $ L? " >
ol*>l5^1 Uwj ai i '\y 0 .J 2 j *S\ I _y jlaiJI (Koeberle)
J> 1 (1917 . 1841) j3 jS ^ji C>\ U > **i . <35) ^L,jJJ UJ^UJl
O v )V-s42j>x_j l ^y t ( 1 929 _ 1842) utajL/Lj .i}L>-j toy
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U y^ly ^4* 1 p-L^-1 ^ ^ v^a-»y>“ 1 ^jji
1882 ^y jbjLLj ^ab j .ojLbJlj y*_>sJlj La( ^ a* <. ^-y 4 y>- a-*j
L)li ^aJl ^ *> jaJJ yJl ^Jb-la^
yjjJl ^y> y yip , -- J ^ : >“ k >LJl y> JuJoJl ya ai 1874 JLa>
(Cachexia LJjjJl JLsA^-I j_p yrlaJl ^yyjl t ( 1 883 ) [292]
. Uber Kropf extirpation und Ihre Folgen : yJu y strumipriva)
^ ^J_*Jl jL> ^y La j-y 0 L>- ^y L»_Llo t LlaLa ^aj j
*S ^oJl o-La . jl^jLijjj j^jS yo 1 <Jy- o j^aJ>-
ij^*ji ia^a> 4 j*>^j 4^-«i y -ii y , y c' (35)
4~>- a^>_^i ajjas" . a 1 -i-j cJ'j a
428
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1882 /J JJ ^ j^y a~-L~ o y
<Jz Jy J aJl V] L ^ la . ^- N aS d)L ^jli jJ LaLol yLI o~L*j>-
(36),
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Jlp (1916 _ 1857) JL *jjA 1884 J> yjj . jLjN! UlL^.
la ^^S'j .c^LSsJl ,Jlp s . a -. . a Lfclypl aj j->*j ^ yiJl
J_oj — ijj — i — >* — a j_Sl i ,> I c 1897 ^_5 oJ_Syj ^*)1 _p oLS
JLaioNl ry L>oUl aj&MJl LJbcJ (1909 _ 1840) (Bourneville)
siLi-Ll <>*>tJl L®j.)Jl 4_ s ^*5l>ej <jJ_l>- >o>G L /y>- ala^al jj ^yjjJI
LJ»
SiLia 4 j»il>iJ (_£ilyjl I Lgjj .
(37).
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£-jl jJl ,J^aJ' ^y <u]j ty. la iJl y _L3 t I4_ft> *Oa — «,*)fl ^4^ j . - a a J ' ^AjjLj o! (36)
Sigmund Bornhauser, Zur Geschichte der Schilddrusen - and t jjjl fjj J
Kropfforschung in 19. Jahrhundert (unter besonderer Beriicksichtigung der
Schweiz), Veroffentlichungen der Schweizerischen Geselischaft fur Geschichte der
Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften; 19 (Aarau: H, R. Sauerlander, 1951).
4^SjjJlj t . *. . ~. , 4 a 1 w< jj >* — !l ol5 0j_j t 1-Ca 0|
. 4^ljt Ljl j& J_L y-4ai> J . dLv^JJ jfr w J ^
«De l’idiotie : jJiJI ,4_Lc y j OO ^jlai i_L_L yjyjy >_s y»j (37)
avec cachexie pachydermique.» dans: Compte rendu de la I8e session de
/’association franpaise pour iavancement des sciences, 2eme partie: Notes et
memoires (Paris: Secretariat de l’association, 1889), pp. 813-839.
429
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.oLJNl J Jj jJI p ^J! £jj ^ Ji^uJl (1911 . 1840) £^JU
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cuilS ^ jjl ^ yhlkJl ^U)l ^JJl ©JL?-j jA t4-v^ljPlj
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et philosophic critique,)) Thales , vol. IX (1959).
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Die Entwicklung der konlinentalen Physiologie im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert mit
besnnderer Beriicksichtigung der Neurophysiologie; Vortrage des internationalen
Symposions zu Munster j West/., 18-20 September 1962 , Medizin in Geschichte und
Kultur; Bd. 5 (Stuttgart: G. Fischer, 1964).
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Johannes Muller, Manuel de physiologie , 2 vols., traduit : i_ I _ r i)l Jl J ^iJI
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Scientific Change: Historical Studies in the Intellectual, Social, and Technical
Conditions for Scientific Discovery and Technical Invention, from Antiquity to the
Present: Symposium of the History of Science, Edited by Alistair Cameron
Crombie, [Organized under the Auspices of the Division of History of Science of
the International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science] (London:
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(Lugduni in Batavis: Apud J. de Vivie, C. Boutesteyn, D. a Gaesbeeck et P.
Vander Aa, 1685), pars prima, prop. CCXIV.
Petrus Camper, Oeuvres qui ont pour objel ihistoire naturelle, la (2)
physiologie et I'anatomie comparee, 3 vols. (Paris: H. - J. Jansen, an XI, 1803), vol.
Ill, pp. 364-366.
Paul-Joseph Barthez, Nouvelle mecanique des mouvements de Vhomme et (3)
des animaux (Carcassonne: Impr. de P. Polere, an VI-1789), pp. 157-177.
Etienne-Jules Marey, La Machine animate: Locomotion terrestre et (4)
aerienne, bibliotheque scientifique internationale; 3, 2eme ed. (Paris: G. Bailliere,
1878), p. 208.
James Gray, How Animals Move , The Royal Institution Christmas (5)
Lectures, 1951, Illustrated by Edward Bawden (Cambridge: Cambridge [Eng.)
University Press, 1953).
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exenements dans les temps modernes, 2 vols., bibliotheque de philosophic, texte
revu et presente par F. Montre (Paris: Boivin et cie, [1934]), vol. I, p. 249.
Claude Bernard, Lepons de physiologie experimental appliquee a la (7)
medecine faites au college de France , 2 vols., [publie par Henri Lefevre] (Paris: J. -
B. Bailliere, 1855-1856), vol. II, p. 6.
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animalibus Guilielmi Harvei (Francofurti: Sumptibus G. Fitzeri, 1628), p. 56.
Andre Doyen et Lucien Liaigre, «Methodologie comparee du (9)
biomecanisme et de la mecanique comparee,» Dialectica, vol. X (1956), pp. 292-
= 335.
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Jacques Vaucanson, mecanicien de genie, publications de la faculte des lettres et
sciences humaines de I'universite de Grenoble; 41, pref. de Bertrand Gille (Paris:
Presses universitaires de France, 1966).
Jean-Antoine-Nicholas de Condorcet, Eloges des academiciens de (10)
I'academie royale des sciences marts depuis 1666 jusqu’en 1790, suivis de ceux de
ihopital et de Pascal, 5 vols. (Brunswick; Paris: Chez F. Vieweg et Fuchs, 1799),
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Elektromedizin , vol. IV (1959), pp. 201-217.
Georges Canguilhem, La Formation du concept de reflexe aux XVlIe et ( 12)
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Ludwig von Bertalanffy: Problems of Life: An Evaluation of Modern (14)
Biological Weltbild, v. I (London: Watts, [1952]), and «Modern Concepts on
Biological Adaptations in: Chandler McCuskey Brooks and Paul F. Cranefield,
eds., The Historical Development of Physiological Thought: A Symposium Held at
the State University of New York Downstate Medical Center (New York: Hafner,
1959), pp. 265-286.
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Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier, Oeuvres de Fourier , 2 vols., publies par (15)
les soins de M. Gaston Darboux, sous les auspices du ministere de l’instruction
publique (Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1880-1890), vol. I: Theorie analytique de la
chaleur, p, 13.
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Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, 2 vols., Edited by W. D. Niven
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Adam Rosenbueth, Norbert Wiener and John Bigelow, «Behavior, (17)
Purpose and Teleology, » Philosophy of Science, vol. 10, no. 1 (1943), pp. 18-24.
Jacques Piquemal, «Comportement, : JL. j_SL_ j)U»- i_ ; jJi Jl J) kj ~ ^2
intention, teleologie,» Etudes philosophiques, vol. 2 (1961), pp. 147-156.
L. Couffignal, «La Mecanique comparee,» Thales , vol. VII (1951), pp. (18)
9-36.
459
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a L^«-w.t <La^J-L5 ^a 1 ArtjLv*^^’ Lp^J j*i ajL-w ^Li —ip - y
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Suzanne Bachelard, La Conscience de rationalite: Etude (19)
phenomenologique sur la physique mathematique (Paris: Presses universitaires de
France, 1958), chap. 8.
[314]
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We Can Learn from the Machines is How our Brain must Differ
Juw* t(Elsasser) oJu^ jj JLi j . <2 °Vrom Them!)
i> j-J< (_^l LoUi-L L° ^..— ?- \ ^jLo ^Jl C ciDj
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[315] jLa^j jjj 1 JjS^ • ^j>Lp^)/l ^3 oL)j Lg-~3 ij (1)1 |JU
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E.-D. Adrian, Proo. Poy. Sue. B., vol. CXLII (1954), pp, 1-8, (20)
J.-B.-S. Haldane, «Aspects physio-chimiques des : ^ jl_Ll» .^i « jS's
instincts,# dans: M. Autuori [et aJ.], L’lnstinct dans le cumportement des animaux
el de I'homme (Paris: Masson, 1956), p. 551.
Walter M. Elsasser, The Physical Foundation of Biology: An Analytical (21)
Study (London: Pergamon Press, 1958).
J. von Neumann. «The General and Logical Theory of Automata,# in: (22)
Llyod A. Jeffress, cd., Cerebral Mechanisms in Behavior: The Hixon Symposium
(New York: John Willey & Sons; London: Chapman & Hall, [1951]), pp. 1-41.
461
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A. Liapounov, «Machines a calcul electroniques et systeme nerveux,» (23)
(Problcmes de la cybernetique ctudices aux seminaires de philosophic de
l’academie des sciences de l’U. R. S. S.) Voprosy filosofii, no. 1 (1961), pp. 150-
157.
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1 jl>- Li La ^J>-V ! ju5LJl 1 Jla U jwUjj oljL*Jl ^vo
Lo-« 4 jL>-v£? <u 3 ^ jj (1)L» U ^JJl j-IaJU
(Neuchatel-Paris: Dekchaux & Niestle, [1954]), appendicc A. pp. 205-209.
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Elsasser, The Physical Foundation of Biology. An Analytical Study. (25)
chap. 1.
A. Fessard, «Points dc contact entre neurophysiologic ct (26)
cybernetique,» Structure et evolution des techniques, vol. V (1953), pp. 25-33.
465
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J. W. L. Beament, ed,, Models and Analogues in Biology (Cambridge, (27)
MA: CUP, 1960).
466
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Lei Etudes philosophiques , annee XXI. no. 1 (Janvier- : LLp I a U : a .» (s:-)
mars 1966).
Frederik Jacobus Johannes Buytendijk, Traite de psychologic , traduit (1)
par Albert Frank-Duqucsne (Paris: Presses universitaires de France. 1952), pp. 44-
45.
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Claude Bernard, Cahier de notes, 1850-1860, ed. integrale du cahier (26)
rouge, presentee et commentee par Mirko Draen Grmek; pref. de Robert Courier
([Paris]: Gallimard, [1965]), p. 171.
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phenomenes de la vie communs aux animaux et aux vegetaux, le 9 ons du 28 et du 30
decembre 1836.
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Revue philosophii/ue de Louvain , vol. LXIV, no. de mai (1966).
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,. [347]
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Z,o Phenomenologie de I’espril, (1)
philosophie de I’esprit, collection dirigee par L. Lavelle et R. Le Senne, 2 vols.,
traduction de Jean Hyppolite (Paris: Aubier; editions montaigne, 1939-1941), vol.
1, p. 47.
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«Remarques sur le probleme epistemologique de la biologie,» dans: (3)
Congres international des sciences ; I, actualites scientifiques et industrielles.
Philosophic; 15 (Paris: Hermann, 1951), p, 142.
Raymond Ruyer, Neo-fmalisme (Paris: Presses universitaires de France, (4)
1952), p. 217.
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de France, 1949).
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Scipion Dupleix, Corps de philosophic, contenant la logique, la : J b '. I (3)
physique, la metaphysique el I'ethique (Geneve: [s. n., 1636]),
.(1607 ta _,jL ij/VI iuUl)
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Aron Gurwitsch, «Developpement historique de la Gestalt- : k ( 4 )
Psychologie,» Thales, 2' mc annee (1935), pp. 167-175.
535
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Henri Bergson, Essai sur ies donnees immediates de la conscience , these (5)
pour Ie doctorat, presentee a la faculte des lettres de Paris (Paris: F. Alcan, 1889),
chap. II.
537
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[372]
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Dupleix, Corps de philosophie, contenant la logique, la physique, la (6)
metaphysique et I’ethique, physique, p. 439.
.353 i' — ii _j-U^ll (7)
538
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! Mali 4 _>-j^WS/I OwLa ^Jip djL£-o aJ>j .K<L-JlaJl
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Auguste Comte, Cours de philosophic positive , l ere legon. (8)
Antoine Augustin Cournot, Essai sur les fondements de nos (9)
connaissances et sur les caracteres de la critique philosophique (Paris: L. Hachette,
371-376. - 1851),
539
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Alliance culturelle du livre, 1963), pp. 95 et 125.
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Claude Bernard, Principes de medecine experimental, ies classiques de (6)
la medecine, Introduction de Jean-Jacques Chaumont (Geneve; Paris; Bruxelles:
Alliance culturelle du livre, 1963), p. 186.
570
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Claude Bernard, Cahier de notes, 1850-1860 , ed. integrate du cahier (7)
rouge, presentee et commentee par Mirko Draen Grmek; pref. de Robert Courier
([Paris]: Gallimard, [1965]), p. 126.
Etienne-Jules Marey, Essai de theorie physiologique du cholera (Paris: V. (8)
Masson et fils, 1865),
. Gazette hebdomadaire de medecine ^IaJI ^ JUil Ai j
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Bernard, Principes de medecine experimentale , p. 117. (10)
Claude Bernard, Pensees: Notes detachees, introduction et notes par (11)
Leon Delboume (Limoges: Impr. Guillemot et de Lamothe: Paris: J.-B. Bailliere,
1937), p. 76.
[397]
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zuerkennen,» in: Erwin Heinz Ackerknecht, Therapie von den Primitiven bis zum
20. Jahrhundert , Mit e. Anh.: Geschichte der Diatetik (Stuttgart: Fr. Enke Verlag,,
1970), p. 141.
Hugo Glaser, Das Denken in der Medizin , : ^ILIJcS" ^-1^ ‘ y 1 ! JUj>1 J y~ j
Erfahrung und Denken; Bd. 19 (Berlin: Duncker und Humblot, 1967), pp. 102-
110 .
Francois Dagognet, Methodes et doctrines dans I’auvre de Pasteur , (13)
galien; 5 (Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1967), pp. 243 et p. 248.
573
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Jean Cheymol, L’Expert en matiere de medicaments, son role et les (14)
limites de son pouvoir ([s. 1: s. n., 1959]).
Henri Huchard et Charles Albert Fiessinger, La Therapeutique en vingt (15)
medicaments, 5eme ed. (Paris: A. Maloine, 1921).
Henri Pradal, Guide des medicaments les plus courants, points; 4: (16)
Pratique ([Paris]: Editions du seuil, [1974]).
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oLL^ Ojij JiiSj Jl iJL»_pI oL*_ol t o-iwaJU ^^jUl!!
oIjLp c~>-I j jJ j .a«5L>mJI aJujJ Lhjhj- (Ivan Illich) jLLI
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<1\ZjJo- [ y>\ y^\ jLLLl 4...>-.i
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(19) r ft *
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aJ*A-*J| ^Jl 1 ht ./* A jjb
o^l Uu.1 N ^JUl t (Cacothanasie)
Ivan Illich, «L’ Expropriation de la sante,» Esprit , no. 436 Quin 1974), (18)
p. 931.
tw*»L^£ J^_aAJ j— AJ U^J J-* ‘ J -JJ jl -^r!j'- S - !l S yrr‘J i fJ—J 4^-*_2 >j (19)
Erwin Heinz Ackerknecht, Medicine at the Paris Hospital. 1794-1848 : _-5l
(Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press. [1967]).
579
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JUsP i^u Ljls C (Jl^p I 0 AA olp- ^L^aJl s^-»L>-^ I J 1 ^2 C jL<K3^A_9
Programme de intempestiva adsumptione medicamentorum JjsLjl—
J_ 2 _pj t ( 1709 ^>Lp) Dissertatio de abstinentia medicaj (1708 »Lp)
»Ip) Programme de medicamentorum prudenti applicatione '. jLi y>
De medicis morborum <■ (G. E. Weiss)
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c 1881 ^Lp l jLL ( JLp * 2Lj L>^5 t. 4 J 1 ««. *>. JL ^-LkS* jS I «.
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causis
( 20 )
Nehenwirkungen der Arzneimittel
«* p
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Ackerknecht, Therapie von den Primitiven bis zum 20. Jahrhundert , pp. (20)
155-159.
[403]
580
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Jean Starobinski, Histoire de la medecine (Lausanne: Editions (21)
rencontre, 1963), p. 86.
Gazelle medicate de Paris (3 mars 1848). (22)
Pierre Huard, Sciences, medecine . pharmacie, de la revolution a : l _ r 5 l_»^_Sj
Vempire, 1789-1815, avec la collaboration de M. D. Grmek (Paris: R, Dacosta,
[1970]), p. 188.
Samuel Auguste David Tissot, Avis au people sur sa sante : _, la jl (23)
(Lausanne: Grasset, 1761).
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(Paris: Didier, 1865), p. 323,
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I'etude de la medecine experiment ale, 2 e partie, chap. I, IX, fin.
583
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l’inconscient, traduit de l’allemand par L. Jumel; introduction de Roger Lewinter,
nouvelle edition (Paris: Gallimard, 1973), p. 284.
U^_Li J_ci (1921 . 1909) U-.JJ L,\jj :(1982) k_jl_J>l Uk^->G
^j-A- 1 - i -aJ .iisjjJ- jl5 ^Le Chercheur dame (Gallimard) Jljj iCJ-yj
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.(31 ^ys) 0frl y*t
Georg Groddeck, £a et moi: Lettres a : *_jLl 5 ^ j : II oj_» J->»J (27)
Freud, Ferenczi el queiques autres = Der Mensch und sein Es, connaissance de
l'inconscient; 33, traduit de l’allemand par Roger Lewinter; prefaces de Frangois
Gantheret et de Roger Lewinter ([Paris]: Gallimard, 1977).
585
^jjJl JjSfl JUSJl cJUa^Jl ajL^> ^Jb»L^joj i J j4^Jl
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J-S” ^^3 aJN.> aJ ul*j .oj-jj-iJi ij.^_>-ij 4 <lJ^l~ji iiijjJij iiuLii
^JL*j ijl (jlS^ A) Li? (jl ^9 Ijbl j^j2j ^J Ju_j j 3 (jl 4^Vl>Jl
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\£ Aj^J^*j^f 1 Aa-w»^)M ^5 « > ^. ^ . 1 1 l ... la It 4 l)«^J
jvJSfl a-*jLL«J LJL^iJ ^Iji aJ (jLS 1 ^JUl 4(Finzi)
jJUail : t(Lettre a un patient medecin) )^~-k o^-j* J! (28)
.Ia_Liu U_j 165 ,j-p> k * j.i
.186 k <■ — oj j_Uail (29)
.121 i<~Ju j-Uoil (30)
Sigmund Freud, Correspondance avec le pasteur Pfister, 1909-1939, (31)
connaissance de I’inconscient, publiee par les soins d’Ernst L. Freud et de
Heinrich Meng; traduit de l’allemand par L. Jumel; preface de Daniel Widlocher.
([Paris] Gallimard, 1966), p. 186.
586
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612, note 22.
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Image and Appearance of the Human Body, connaissance de I’inconscient, etude
des forces constructives de la psyche, traduit de 1'anglais par Francois Gantheret
et Paule Truffert; avant-propos et bibliographic des travaux de P. Schilder par
Francois Gantheret ([Paris]: Galliraard. 1968), p. 205,
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Thomas Sydenham, Oeuvres de medecine pratique de Thomas Sydenham, (1)
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Daniel Le Clerc, Histoire de la medecine (Geneva: [s, n.], 1696), (4)
2 edition 1729.
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et effectibus tarantulae. II. De usu et abusu vesicantium. III. De observationibus
anatomicis et practicis varii argumenti (Romae: Typ. D. A. Herculis, 1696), livre I,
chap. II, para. I.
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etrangers de Laennec,» Revue d’histoire des sciences, vol 26 (1973), pp. 316-337.
Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec, De L' Auscultation mediate ou (11)
traite du diagnostic des maladies des poumons et du coeur : Fonde principalement sur
ce nouveau moyen dexploration, 2 vols. (Paris: J. - A. Brosson; J. - S. Chaude,
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LU-««p cLLI-Lj li^a ; ^>*Jl 4_ju aJ o I jA » *A_L? [425]
Oswei Temkm, «A Galenic Model Quantitative Physiological (19)
Reasoning.» Bulletin of the History of Medicine, vol. 35 (1961), p. 470.
Auguste Comte, Cours de philosophic positive , : ^ jjJl UUZ ^ (20)
T le^on.
Bernard, Cahier de notes, 1850-1860, p. 40. (21)
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galien; 5 (Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1967).
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Geschichte der Wissenschaften: Symposion d. Ges. fur Wissenschaftsgeschichte
anlassl. Hires zelmjahrigen Bestehens. 8.-10 Mai 1975 in Munster. Studien zur
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A-J6 jJl
Mecanisme
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Automatisme animal (Descartes)
aJIj-J-I A-lS/l
Empirique
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Endosmose
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Anaphylaxie J->uh « — i-1 ^ ‘
Election
» —
Selection
* — i
636
Anthropologie
Integration
Etonnement
Systemes-experts
Homofaber
Histosysteme
Poi'etique
Uchronie
Epistemologie
Ideologic
Metabolisme
f-
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Iconographie
C 4liL>l t L3I jS' yj
Phanerogames
Perime
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Germe
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Paradigme
Pragmatique
Brownisme
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Protocoles
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Bulbe
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Pectoriloquie
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Idiotie
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Structure
Behaviorisme
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Biologie
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Synergie
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Coi'que (parole) / Sympathie
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Histoire
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Histoire des sciences
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Synthese
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Vaccine
Experimentation
Experimental
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Demedicalisation (de la societe)
A^JaJl ALo-^Jl /^o
Transformation
J
638
Cretinisme
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Telescopage
y-j
Interferences
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Cacothanasie
Anthropomorphisme
C
Diagnostic
Elecrodiagnostic
Anatomic
Dissection
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Vivisection
Biomorphisme
Epigenetiste
Echographie
Scannographie
Acromegalie
Inoculation de la vaccine
Variolisation
Antisepsie
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Evolution
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Correlation
jJU:
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Approchee (connaissance)
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639
Formation
Organogenie
Glycogenie
latrogenese
Organogenese
Circonvolutions
Vaccination
Analogic
Representation
Harmonie
Osmose
Rectification
Variete
Aufklarung
Irritation
Irritabilite
Combinatoire
Parthenogenese
Ecrouelles
Pronostic
Dialectique
Hydrotomie
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Corps propre
Anticorps
Somato-psychique
Genre
Determinisme
Parti de l’homme
Animalcule
Vivant
Biomecanisme
Sympathicomimetique
Somme
Cellulaire
Cellule
Goitre
Totalisateurs
Localisateurs
Elan vital
Encephale
Tourbillon
Soi
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Canis lupus
Cultures de tissus
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Errance
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Etat axiologique
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Pinus maritima
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Nosographie
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Varcch
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Parasite
Monde organique
Monde inorganique
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Obstacle
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Numerique
Arbitraire
Neurone
Le grand sympathique
Bacille de cholera
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Organisme
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Micro-organisme
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Intellect archetypal
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Cause
Neurologie
Organalogique
Pathologie
Histologie
Epidemiologie
Protoscience
Bacteriologie
Nosologie
Zoologie
Cytologie
Pneumatologie
Hygiene
Therapeutique
Endocrinologie
Immunologie
Psychoanalyse
Sciences appliquees
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Auscultation mediate
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Transformisme
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Essai
Aerotonometre
Observation (medecine)
Sphygmographe
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Perspective
Perspectiviste
Perspectivisme
Reflexe
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Myotatique (reflexe)
Reflexes tendineux
Experimental (methode)
Morphologie
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Mesologie
Mecanicien
Impetus
Descendance
Systeme
Systematique
Activite rationaliste
Ordre
Cosmologie
Psyche
Psychosomatique
Synapses
Chariot inducteur
Idiotypie
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Comtne si (als ob)
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